cmd.php

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php
/*
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Copyright (C) 2004-2026 The Cacti Group                                 |
 |                                                                         |
 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or           |
 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License             |
 | as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2          |
 | of the License, or (at your option) any later version.                  |
 |                                                                         |
 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,         |
 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of          |
 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the           |
 | GNU General Public License for more details.                            |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Cacti: The Complete RRDtool-based Graphing Solution                     |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | This code is designed, written, and maintained by the Cacti Group. See  |
 | about.php and/or the AUTHORS file for specific developer information.   |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | http://www.cacti.net/                                                   |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
*/

require_once(__DIR__ . '/include/cli_check.php');
require_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/snmp.php');
require_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/poller.php');
require_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/rrd.php');
require_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/ping.php');
require_once(CACTI_PATH_LIBRARY . '/boost.php');

if (function_exists('pcntl_async_signals')) {
	pcntl_async_signals(true);
} else {
	declare(ticks = 100);
}

ini_set('max_execution_time', '0');
ini_set('memory_limit', '-1');

// process calling arguments
$parms = $_SERVER['argv'];
array_shift($parms);

$first      = null;
$last       = null;
$allhost    = true;
$debug      = false;
$mibs       = false;
$mode       = 'online';
$sessions   = [];
$downhosts  = [];
$host_count = 0;
$tot_errors = 0;
$poller_id  = POLLER_ID;
$pmessage   = false;
$help       = false;
$version    = false;

if (cacti_sizeof($parms)) {
	foreach ($parms as $parameter) {
		if (str_contains($parameter, '=')) {
			[$arg, $value] = explode('=', $parameter, 2);
		} else {
			$arg   = $parameter;
			$value = '';
		}

		switch ($arg) {
			case '--version':
			case '-V':
			case '-v':
				$version = true;

				break;
			case '--help':
			case '-H':
			case '-h':
				$help = true;

				break;
			case '--poller':
			case '-p':
				$pmessage  = true;
				$poller_id = $value;

				break;
			case '--first':
			case '-f':
				$first   = $value;
				$allhost = false;

				break;
			case '--last':
			case '-l':
				$last    = $value;
				$allhost = false;

				break;
			case '--mibs':
			case '-m':
				$mibs = true;

				break;
			case '--mode':
			case '-N':
				$mode = $value;

				break;
			case '--debug':
			case '-d':
				$debug = true;

				break;
			default:
				print "ERROR: Invalid Argument: ($arg)" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
				display_help();

				exit(1);
		}
	}
}

if ($version) {
	display_version();

	exit;
}

if ($help) {
	display_help();

	exit;
}

global $poller_db_cnn_id, $remote_db_cnn_id, $cactiphp, $using_proc_function;
global $poller_id, $sessions, $downhosts, $print_data_to_stdout;

$maxwidth   = get_max_column_width();

if ($pmessage) {
	cacti_log('Forcing poller to poll poller_id ' . $poller_id, true, 'POLLER', POLLER_VERBOSITY_HIGH);
}

if (POLLER_ID > 1 && CACTI_CONNECTION == 'online') { // @phpstan-ignore-line
	$poller_db_cnn_id = $remote_db_cnn_id;
} else {
	$poller_db_cnn_id = false;
}

if ($first == null && $last == null) {
	// This is valid
} elseif (!is_numeric($first) || $first < 0) {
	cacti_log('FATAL: The first host in the host range is invalid!', true, 'POLLER');

	exit(-1);
} elseif (!is_numeric($last) || $last < 0) {
	cacti_log('FATAL: The last host in the host range is invalid!', true, 'POLLER');

	exit(-1);
} elseif ($last < $first) {
	cacti_log('FATAL: The first host must always be less or equal to the last host!', true, 'POLLER');

	exit(-1);
}

// verify the poller_id
if (!is_numeric($poller_id) || $poller_id < 1) {
	cacti_log('FATAL: The poller needs to be a positive numeric value', true, 'POLLER');

	exit(-1);
}

// notify cacti processes that a poller is running
record_cmdphp_started();

$exists = db_fetch_cell_prepared('SELECT COUNT(*)
	FROM host
	WHERE poller_id = ?',
	[$poller_id]
);

if ($exists == 0 && $poller_id > 1) {
	record_cmdphp_done();
	db_close();

	exit(-1);
}

// install signal handlers for UNIX only
if (function_exists('pcntl_signal')) {
	pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, 'sig_handler');
	pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'sig_handler');
}

// record the start time
$start           = microtime(true);
$poller_interval = read_config_option('poller_interval');
$script_timeout  = read_config_option('script_timeout');
$cron_interval   = read_config_option('cron_interval');
$active_profiles = read_config_option('active_profiles');

// check arguments
if ($allhost) {
	$sql_where1 = '';
	$sql_where3 = '';

	$params1    = [$poller_id];

	if ($cron_interval == $poller_interval) {
		$params3    = [$poller_interval, $poller_interval, 0, $poller_interval, $poller_id];
	} else {
		$params3    = [$poller_interval, $poller_interval, $poller_interval, $poller_interval, $poller_id];
	}
} else {
	$sql_where0 = 'WHERE poller_id > ?';
	$sql_where1 = ' AND ((h.id >= ? AND h.id <= ?) OR h.id IS NULL)';
	$sql_where3 = ' AND pi.host_id >= ? AND pi.host_id <= ?';

	$params1    = [$poller_id, $first, $last];

	if ($cron_interval == $poller_interval) {
		$params3    = [$poller_interval, $poller_interval, 0, $poller_interval, $poller_id, $first, $last];
	} else {
		$params3    = [$poller_interval, $poller_interval, $poller_interval, $poller_interval, $poller_id, $first, $last];
	}
}

if ($debug) {
	$print_data_to_stdout = true;
	$medium               = POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW;
	$hmedium              = POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW;
} elseif ($allhost) {
	$print_data_to_stdout = true;
	$medium               = POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW;
	$hmedium              = POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM;
} else {
	$print_data_to_stdout = false;
	$medium               = POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM;
	$hmedium              = POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM;
}

// address potential exploits
input_validate_input_number($first, 'first');
input_validate_input_number($last, 'last');

if (db_column_exists('sites', 'disabled')) {
	$sql_where = 'AND IFNULL(s.disabled, \'\') != \'on\'';
} else {
	$sql_where = '';
}

if ($active_profiles != 1) {
	// pi.* only: poller_item and host share ~13 identically-named snmp_*/hostname
	// columns, and FETCH_ASSOC collapses them to one key (last table wins). Selecting
	// pi.* keeps poller_item's cached copies authoritative instead of silently reading
	// host's live values. h./s.disabled are only referenced in the WHERE below, not in
	// PHP, but are aliased distinctly here in case that changes.
	$poller_items = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT ' . SQL_NO_CACHE . " pi.*,
			h.disabled AS host_disabled,
			s.disabled AS site_disabled
			FROM poller_item AS pi
			LEFT JOIN host AS h
			ON h.id = pi.host_id
			LEFT JOIN sites AS s
			ON s.id = h.site_id
			WHERE pi.poller_id = ?
			$sql_where
			AND IFNULL(TRIM(h.disabled),'') != 'on'
			$sql_where1
			AND pi.rrd_next_step <= 0
			ORDER by pi.host_id",
		$params1
	);

	// count in PHP over the rows already fetched above instead of re-running the join
	$script_server_calls = count(array_filter($poller_items, function ($item) {
		return in_array((int) $item['action'], [POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP, POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP_COUNT], true);
	}));

	// setup next polling interval
	db_execute_prepared("UPDATE poller_item AS pi
		SET rrd_next_step = IF(rrd_step = ?, 0, IF(rrd_next_step - ? < 0, rrd_step - ?, rrd_next_step - ?))
		WHERE poller_id = ?
		$sql_where3",
		$params3);
} else {
	$poller_items = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT ' . SQL_NO_CACHE . " pi.*,
		h.disabled AS host_disabled,
		s.disabled AS site_disabled
		FROM poller_item AS pi
		LEFT JOIN host AS h
		ON h.id = pi.host_id
		LEFT JOIN sites AS s
		ON s.id = h.site_id
		WHERE pi.poller_id = ?
		$sql_where
		AND IFNULL(TRIM(h.disabled),'') != 'on'
		$sql_where1
		ORDER by pi.host_id",
		$params1
	);

	$script_server_calls = count(array_filter($poller_items, function ($item) {
		return in_array((int) $item['action'], [POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP, POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP_COUNT], true);
	}));
}

if (cacti_sizeof($poller_items) && read_config_option('poller_enabled') == 'on') {
	$host_down      = false;
	$new_host       = true;
	$last_host      = '';
	$output_array   = [];
	$output_count   = 0;
	$error_ds       = [];
	$width_dses     = [];
	$errors         = 0;
	$host_id        = 0;
	$itemcnt        = 0;
	$host_start     = microtime(true);
	$set_spike_kill = false;
	$pipes          = [];

	/* startup Cacti php polling server and include the
	 * include file for script processing
	 */
	if ($script_server_calls > 0) {
		$cactides = [
			0 => ['pipe', 'r'], // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from
			1 => ['pipe', 'w'], // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to
			2 => ['pipe', 'w']  // stderr is a pipe to write to
		];

		$php_path = read_config_option('path_php_binary');

		$command = $php_path . ' -q ' .
			CACTI_PATH_BASE . '/script_server.php ' .
			' --environ=cmd ' .
			' --poller=' . $poller_id .
			' --mode=' . CACTI_CONNECTION;

		$cactiphp = proc_open($command, $cactides, $pipes);

		// proc_open returns false if the child could not be spawned; fall back to
		// the non-proc path rather than reading from non-existent pipes
		if (!is_resource($cactiphp)) {
			cacti_log('WARNING: Unable to start PHP Script Server, falling back to direct execution',
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER',
				POLLER_VERBOSITY_LOW);

			$using_proc_function = false;
			$cactiphp            = false;
		} else {
			$output = fgets($pipes[1], 1024);

			if (substr_count((string) $output, 'Started') != 0) {
				cacti_log('PHP Script Server Started Properly', $print_data_to_stdout, 'POLLER', POLLER_VERBOSITY_HIGH);
			}

			$using_proc_function = true;
		}
	} else {
		$using_proc_function = false;
		$cactiphp            = false;
	}

	foreach ($poller_items as $item) {
		$ds      = $item['local_data_id'];
		$host_id = $item['host_id'];

		// check for host change
		if ($host_id != $last_host) {
			$new_host       = true;
			$host_down      = false;
			$set_spike_kill = false;

			if ($last_host != '') {
				$host_end = microtime(true);

				if ($output_count > 0) {
					cacti_log("Device[$last_host] Writing $output_count items to Poller Output Table",
						$print_data_to_stdout,
						'POLLER',
						debug_level($host_id,
							POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

					db_execute('INSERT IGNORE INTO poller_output
						(local_data_id, rrd_name, time, output)
						VALUES ' . implode(', ', $output_array), true, $poller_db_cnn_id);

					if (read_config_option('boost_rrd_update_enable') == 'on') {
						boost_flush_output_batch($output_array, $poller_db_cnn_id);
					}

					$output_array = [];
					$output_count = 0;
				}

				$errors = cacti_sizeof($error_ds);

				if (db_column_exists('host', 'current_errors')) {
					db_execute_prepared('UPDATE host
						SET polling_time = ?, current_errors = ?
						WHERE id = ?
						AND deleted = ""',
						[($host_end - $host_start), $errors, $last_host]
					);
				} else {
					db_execute_prepared('UPDATE host
						SET polling_time = ?
						WHERE id = ?
						AND deleted = ""',
						[($host_end - $host_start), $last_host]
					);
				}

				cacti_log(sprintf('Device[%d] Time[%3.2f] Items[%d] Errors[%d]',
					$last_host,
					$host_end - $host_start,
					$itemcnt,
					$errors),
					$print_data_to_stdout,
					'POLLER',
					$hmedium);

				if ($errors > 0) {
					if (read_config_option('spine_log_level') == 1) {
						cacti_log('WARNING: Invalid Response(s), Errors[' .
							$errors .
							'] Device[' .
							$last_host .
							'] Thread[1] DS[' .
							implode(', ',
								$error_ds) . ']',
							false,
							'POLLER');
					}

					$tot_errors += $errors;

					db_execute_prepared('INSERT INTO host_errors
						(host_id, poller_id, errors, local_data_ids)
						VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)',
						[$last_host, $poller_id, $errors, implode(',', $error_ds)]);
				}
			}

			$error_ds    = [];
			$itemcnt     = 0;
			$host_start  = microtime(true);

			$host_count++;
		}

		// ping host, find out if there are re-index checks required
		if ($new_host && !empty($host_id)) {
			$host_down = ping_and_reindex_check($item, $mibs, $script_timeout);
		}

		$new_host  = false;
		$last_host = $host_id;

		if (!$host_down) {
			$output = collect_device_data($item, $error_ds, $script_timeout);
			$itemcnt++;

			if (read_config_option('poller_debug') == 'on' && strlen($output) > $maxwidth) {
				$width_dses[] = $ds;
			}

			if ($set_spike_kill && !substr_count($output, ':')) {
				// insert a U in place of the actual value if the snmp agent restarts
				$output_array[] = sprintf('(%d, %s, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), %s)',
					$item['local_data_id'],
					db_qstr($item['rrd_name'],
						$poller_db_cnn_id),
					db_qstr('U',
						$poller_db_cnn_id));
			} else {
				// otherwise, just insert the value received from the poller
				$output_array[] = sprintf('(%d, %s, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), %s)',
					$item['local_data_id'],
					db_qstr($item['rrd_name'],
						$poller_db_cnn_id),
					db_qstr($output,
						$poller_db_cnn_id));
			}

			if ($output_count > 2000) {
				cacti_log("Device[$host_id] Writing $output_count items to Poller Output Table",
					$print_data_to_stdout,
					'POLLER',
					debug_level($host_id,
						POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

				db_execute('INSERT IGNORE INTO poller_output
					(local_data_id, rrd_name, time, output)
					VALUES ' . implode(', ', $output_array), true, $poller_db_cnn_id);

				if (read_config_option('boost_rrd_update_enable') == 'on') {
					boost_flush_output_batch($output_array, $poller_db_cnn_id);
				}

				$output_array = [];
				$output_count = 0;
			} else {
				$output_count++;
			}
		}

		// check for an over running poller
		$now = microtime(true);

		if ($now - $start > $poller_interval) {
			cacti_log('WARNING: cmd.php poller has run over its polling interval and therefore is ending');

			break;
		}
	}

	// Record the last hosts polling time
	$host_end = microtime(true);

	// Flush the items to the output table
	if ($output_count > 0) {
		cacti_log("Device[$host_id] Writing $output_count items to Poller Output Table",
			$print_data_to_stdout,
			'POLLER',
			debug_level($host_id,
				POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

		db_execute('INSERT IGNORE INTO poller_output
			(local_data_id, rrd_name, time, output)
			VALUES ' . implode(', ', $output_array), true, $poller_db_cnn_id);

		if (read_config_option('boost_rrd_update_enable') == 'on') {
			boost_flush_output_batch($output_array, $poller_db_cnn_id);
		}
	}

	$errors = cacti_sizeof($error_ds);

	if (db_column_exists('host', 'current_errors')) {
		db_execute_prepared('UPDATE host
			SET polling_time = ?, current_errors = ?
			WHERE id = ?
			AND deleted = ""',
			[($host_end - $host_start), $errors, $host_id]
		);
	} else {
		db_execute_prepared('UPDATE host
			SET polling_time = ?
			WHERE id = ?
			AND deleted = ""',
			[($host_end - $host_start), $host_id]
		);
	}

	cacti_log(sprintf('Device[%d] Time[%3.2f] Items[%d] Errors[%d]',
		$last_host,
		$host_end - $host_start,
		$itemcnt,
		$errors),
		$print_data_to_stdout,
		'POLLER',
		$hmedium);

	if ($host_id > 0 && $errors > 0) {
		if (read_config_option('spine_log_level') == 1) {
			cacti_log('WARNING: Invalid Response(s), Errors[' .
				$errors .
				'] Device[' .
				$host_id .
				'] Thread[1] DS[' .
				implode(', ',
					$error_ds) . ']',
				false,
				'POLLER');
		}

		$tot_errors += $errors;

		db_execute_prepared('INSERT INTO host_errors
			(host_id, poller_id, errors, local_data_ids)
			VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)',
			[$last_host, $poller_id, $errors, implode(',', $error_ds)]);
	}

	if (cacti_sizeof($width_dses)) {
		cacti_log('WARNING: Long Responses Errors[' . cacti_sizeof($width_dses) . '] DS[' . implode(', ',
			$width_dses) . ']',
			false,
			'POLLER');
	}

	if ($using_proc_function) {
		// close php server process
		@fwrite($pipes[0], "quit\r\n");
		fclose($pipes[0]);
		fclose($pipes[1]);
		fclose($pipes[2]);

		$return_value = proc_close($cactiphp);
	}

	// take time and log performance data
	$end = microtime(true);

	cacti_log(sprintf(
		'Time: %01.4f s, ' .
			'Poller: %s, ' .
			'Threads: N/A, ' .
			'Devices: %d, ' .
			'Items: %d, ' .
			'Errors: %d',
		round($end - $start, 4),
		$poller_id,
		$host_count,
		cacti_sizeof($poller_items),
		$tot_errors
	), $print_data_to_stdout, 'POLLER', $medium);
} else {
	cacti_log('NOTE: There are no items in your poller for this polling cycle!', true, 'POLLER', $medium);
}

// Try to check device status only for devices without poller items
if ($allhost) {
	$sql_where = 'AND h.poller_id = ?';
	$params    = [$poller_id];
} else {
	$sql_where = 'AND h.poller_id = ? AND h.id >= ? AND h.id <= ? ';
	$params    = [$poller_id, $first, $last];
}

$hosts = db_fetch_assoc_prepared("SELECT h.id, h.hostname, h.ping_port, h.ping_method, h.ping_retries, h.ping_timeout, h.availability_method
	FROM host AS h
	LEFT JOIN poller_item AS pi
	ON h.id=pi.host_id
	WHERE pi.host_id IS NULL
	AND (h.disabled = '' OR h.disabled IS NULL)
	$sql_where",
	$params);

if (cacti_sizeof($hosts)) {
	cacti_log('NOTE: Found ' . cacti_sizeof($hosts) . ' Device(s) for up/down validation only', true, 'POLLER', $medium);

	foreach ($hosts as $host) {
		$ping       = new Net_Ping;
		$ping->host = $host;
		$ping->port = $host['ping_port'];

		// perform the appropriate ping check of the host
		if ($ping->ping($host['availability_method'], $host['ping_method'], $host['ping_timeout'], $host['ping_retries'])) {
			update_host_status(HOST_UP, $host['id'], $ping, $host['availability_method'], $print_data_to_stdout);
			cacti_log('Device[' . $host['id'] . "] STATUS: Device '" . $host['hostname'] . "' is UP.",
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER',
				debug_level($host['id'],
					POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));
		} else {
			update_host_status(HOST_DOWN, $host['id'], $ping, $host['availability_method'], $print_data_to_stdout);
			cacti_log('Device[' . $host['id'] . "] STATUS: Device '" . $host['hostname'] . "' is Down.",
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER',
				debug_level($host['id'],
					POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));
		}
	}
}

// record the process as having completed
record_cmdphp_done();

// close the database connection
db_close();

exit(0);

// function to assist in logging
function debug_level(int $host_id, int $level) : int {
	global $debug;

	static $debug_enabled = [];

	if (!is_bool($debug_enabled[$host_id] ?? null)) {
		if ($debug) {
			$debug_enabled[$host_id] = true;
		} else {
			$debug_enabled[$host_id] = is_device_debug_enabled($host_id);
		}
	}

	$level = $debug_enabled[$host_id] ? POLLER_VERBOSITY_NONE : $level;

	return $level;
}

// let the poller server know about cmd.php being finished
function record_cmdphp_done(int $pid = 0) : void {
	global $poller_id, $poller_db_cnn_id;

	if ($pid == 0) {
		$pid = getmypid();
	}

	db_execute_prepared('UPDATE poller_time
		SET end_time=NOW()
		WHERE poller_id = ?
		AND pid = ?',
		[$poller_id, $pid],
		true,
		$poller_db_cnn_id
	);
}

// let cacti processes know that a poller has started
function record_cmdphp_started() : void {
	global $poller_id, $poller_db_cnn_id;

	db_execute_prepared("INSERT INTO poller_time
		(poller_id, pid, start_time, end_time)
		VALUES (?, ?, NOW(), '0000-00-00 00:00:00')",
		[$poller_id, getmypid()],
		true,
		$poller_db_cnn_id
	);
}

function open_snmp_session(int $host_id, array &$item) : mixed {
	global $sessions, $downhosts;

	if (!isset($item['max_oids'])) {
		$item['max_oids'] = read_config_option('max_get_size');
	}

	$key = $host_id . '_' . $item['snmp_version'] . '_' . $item['snmp_port'];

	/* a host already marked down this run has no cached session, so return the
	   down sentinel instead of falling through to an unset $sessions[$key] (null) */
	if (isset($downhosts[$key])) {
		return false;
	}

	if (!isset($sessions[$key])) {
		$sessions[$key] = cacti_snmp_session(
			$item['hostname'],
			$item['snmp_community'],
			$item['snmp_version'],
			$item['snmp_username'],
			$item['snmp_password'],
			$item['snmp_auth_protocol'],
			$item['snmp_priv_passphrase'],
			$item['snmp_priv_protocol'],
			$item['snmp_context'],
			$item['snmp_engine_id'],
			$item['snmp_port'],
			$item['snmp_timeout'],
			$item['snmp_retries'] ?? read_config_option('ping_retries'),
			$item['max_oids']
		);

		if ($sessions[$key] === false) {
			unset($sessions[$key]);
			$downhosts[$key] = true;

			return false;
		}
	}

	return $sessions[$key];
}

function snmp_mark_host_down(int $host_id, array &$item) : void {
	global $sessions, $downhosts;

	unset($sessions[$host_id . '_' . $item['snmp_version'] . '_' . $item['snmp_port']]);
	$downhosts[$host_id . '_' . $item['snmp_version'] . '_' . $item['snmp_port']] = true;
}

function update_system_mibs(int $host_id) : void {
	$system_mibs = [
		'snmp_sysDescr'             => '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0',
		'snmp_sysObjectID'          => '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.2.0',
		'snmp_sysUpTimeInstanceAlt' => '.1.3.6.1.6.3.10.2.1.3.0',
		'snmp_sysUpTimeInstance'    => '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0',
		'snmp_sysContact'           => '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.4.0',
		'snmp_sysName'              => '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0',
		'snmp_sysLocation'          => '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0'
	];

	$h = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT * FROM host WHERE id = ?', [$host_id]);

	if (cacti_sizeof($h)) {
		$session        = open_snmp_session($host_id, $h);
		$uptime         = false;
		$engine_time    = false;
		$system_uptime  = false;

		if ($session !== false) {
			foreach ($system_mibs as $name => $oid) {
				$value = cacti_snmp_session_get($session, $oid);

				if ($name == 'snmp_sysUpTimeInstanceAlt') {
					$engine_time = $value;
				} elseif ($name == 'snmp_sysUpTimeInstance') {
					$system_uptime = $value;
				} elseif (!empty($value)) {
					db_execute_prepared("UPDATE host SET $name = ?
						WHERE deleted = ''
						AND id = ?",
						[$value, $host_id]
					);
				}
			}

			// spine always prefers a numeric, non-wall-clock engine time when
			// updating host.snmp_sysUpTimeInstance; match that here so this PHP
			// poller path and spine agree on the stored value
			$uptime = cacti_snmp_select_uptime($system_uptime, $engine_time, null, true);

			if ($uptime !== false) {
				db_execute_prepared("UPDATE host SET snmp_sysUpTimeInstance = ?
					WHERE deleted = ''
					AND id = ?",
					[$uptime, $host_id]
				);
			}
		} else {
			cacti_log("WARNING: Unable to open session for System Mib collection for Device[$host_id]", false, 'POLLER');
		}
	}
}

function collect_device_data(array &$item, array &$error_ds, int $script_timeout) : string {
	global $print_data_to_stdout, $using_proc_function, $pipes, $cactiphp;

	$thread_start = microtime(true);
	$ds           = $item['local_data_id'];
	$host_id      = $item['host_id'];
	$output       = 'U';

	switch ($item['action']) {
		case POLLER_ACTION_SNMP:
			if (($item['snmp_version'] == 0) || (($item['snmp_community'] == '') && ($item['snmp_version'] != 3))) {
				cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] ERROR: Invalid SNMP Data Source.  Please either delete it from the database, or correct it.",
					$print_data_to_stdout,
					'POLLER');
				$output = 'U';
			} else {
				$session = open_snmp_session($host_id, $item);

				if ($session !== false) {
					$output = cacti_snmp_session_get($session, $item['arg1'], true);

					if (!is_numeric($output)) {
						if (prepare_validate_result($output) == false) {
							$error_ds[$ds] = $ds;

							if (read_config_option('spine_log_level') == 2) {
								cacti_log("WARNING: Invalid Response, Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] OID:" . $item['arg1'] . ", output: $output",
									$print_data_to_stdout,
									'POLLER');
							}

							$output = 'U';
						}
					}
				} else {
					snmp_mark_host_down($host_id, $item);

					$output = 'U';

					$error_ds[$ds] = $ds;

					if (read_config_option('spine_log_level') == 2) {
						cacti_log("WARNING: Invalid Response, Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] OID:" . $item['arg1'] . ', output: U',
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER');
					}
				}
			}

			$total_time = (microtime(true) - $thread_start) * 1000;

			cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] TT[" . round($total_time,
				2) .
					'] SNMP: v' .
					$item['snmp_version'] .
					': ' .
					$item['hostname'] .
					', dsname: ' .
					$item['rrd_name'] .
					', oid: ' .
					$item['arg1'] .
					", output: $output",
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER',
				debug_level($host_id,
					POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

			break;
		case POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT:
		case POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP:
			if ($item['action'] == POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT) {
				$output = trim(exec_poll($item['arg1'], $script_timeout, $item));
				$type   = 'SCRIPT';
			} else {
				$output = trim(str_replace("\n", '', exec_poll_php($item['arg1'], $using_proc_function, $pipes, $cactiphp)));
				$type   = 'SERVER';
			}

			$log_arg1 = poller_redact_snmp_secrets($item['arg1'], $item);

			if ($output == 'U') {
				$error_ds[$ds] = $ds;

				if (read_config_option('spine_log_level') == 2) {
					cacti_log("WARNING: Invalid Response, Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] $type: " . $log_arg1 . ', output: U',
						$print_data_to_stdout,
						'POLLER');
				}
			} elseif (!is_numeric($output)) {
				if (prepare_validate_result($output) == false) {
					$error_ds[$ds] = $ds;

					if (read_config_option('spine_log_level') == 2) {
						cacti_log("WARNING: Invalid Response, Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] $type: " . $log_arg1 . ", output: $output",
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER');
					}
				}
			}

			$total_time = (microtime(true) - $thread_start) * 1000;

			cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] TT[" . round($total_time,
				2) . "] $type: " . $log_arg1 . ", output: $output",
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER',
				debug_level($host_id,
					POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

			break;
		default:
			$error_ds[$ds] = $ds;

			cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DS[$ds] ERROR: Invalid polling option: " . $item['action'],
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER');
	}

	return $output;
}

function ping_and_reindex_check(array &$item, bool $mibs, int $script_timeout) : bool {
	global $poller_id, $print_data_to_stdout, $set_spike_kill, $poller_db_cnn_id, $pipes, $cactiphp, $using_proc_function;

	$ping    = new Net_Ping;
	$host_id = $item['host_id'];

	$host = db_fetch_row_prepared('SELECT hostname, ping_port, ping_method, ping_retries, ping_timeout, availability_method
		FROM host
		WHERE id = ?',
		[$host_id]
	);

	$ping->host = $item;
	$ping->port = $host['ping_port'];

	// perform the appropriate ping check of the host
	if ($ping->ping($host['availability_method'], $host['ping_method'], $host['ping_timeout'], $host['ping_retries'])) {
		$host_down = false;

		update_host_status(HOST_UP, $host_id, $ping, $host['availability_method'], $print_data_to_stdout);

		cacti_log("Device[$host_id] STATUS: Device '" . $item['hostname'] . "' is UP.",
			$print_data_to_stdout,
			'POLLER',
			debug_level($host_id,
				POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG));

		if ($mibs && $host['availability_method'] != 0 && $host['availability_method'] != 3) {
			update_system_mibs($host_id);
		}
	} else {
		$host_down = true;
		update_host_status(HOST_DOWN, $host_id, $ping, $host['availability_method'], $print_data_to_stdout);

		cacti_log("Device[$host_id] STATUS: Device '" . $item['hostname'] . "' is Down.",
			$print_data_to_stdout,
			'POLLER',
			debug_level($host_id,
				POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG));
	}

	if ($host_down == false) {
		// do the reindex check for this host
		$reindex = db_fetch_assoc_prepared('SELECT ' . SQL_NO_CACHE . ' pr.data_query_id, pr.action,
			pr.op, pr.assert_value, pr.arg1
			FROM poller_reindex AS pr
			WHERE pr.host_id=?',
			[$item['host_id']]
		);

		if (cacti_sizeof($reindex)) {
			cacti_log("Device[$host_id] RECACHE: Processing " .
				cacti_sizeof($reindex) .
				" items in the auto reindex cache for '" .
				$item['hostname'] .
				"'.",
				$print_data_to_stdout,
				'POLLER',
				debug_level($host_id,
					POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG));

			foreach ($reindex as $index_item) {
				$assert_fail = false;
				$log_arg1    = poller_redact_snmp_secrets($index_item['arg1'], $item);

				switch ($index_item['action']) {
					case POLLER_ACTION_SNMP:
						$session = open_snmp_session($host_id, $item);

						if ($session !== false) {
							if (trim($index_item['arg1']) == '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0') {
								$engine_time   = cacti_snmp_session_get($session, '.1.3.6.1.6.3.10.2.1.3.0');
								$system_uptime = cacti_snmp_session_get($session, $index_item['arg1']);

								// spine always prefers a numeric, non-wall-clock engine time when
								// re-checking this assert, with no magnitude comparison of its own;
								// match that here so the stored baseline and this live re-check
								// can't permanently disagree
								$output = cacti_snmp_select_uptime($system_uptime, $engine_time, null, true);

								if ($output === false) {
									$output = 'U';
								}
							} else {
								$output = cacti_snmp_session_get($session, $index_item['arg1']);

								if ($output === false) {
									$output = 'U';
								}
							}
						} else {
							$output = 'U';
						}

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE OID: ' .
							$log_arg1 .
							', (assert:' .
							$index_item['assert_value'] .
							' ' .
							$index_item['op'] .
							' output:' .
							$output .
							')',
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER',
							debug_level($host_id,
								POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

						break;
					case POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT:
						$output = trim(exec_poll($index_item['arg1'], $script_timeout, $item));

						if (!is_numeric($output)) {
							if (prepare_validate_result($output) == false) {
								if (strlen($output) > 20) {
									$strout = 20;
								} else {
									$strout = strlen($output);
								}

								cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
									$index_item['data_query_id'] .
									'] RECACHE Warning: Result from Script not valid. Partial Result: ' .
									substr($output,
										0,
										$strout),
									$print_data_to_stdout,
									'POLLER');
							}
						}

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE SCRIPT: ' .
							$log_arg1 .
							", output: $output",
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER',
							debug_level($host_id,
								POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

						break;
					case POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP:
						$output = trim(str_replace("\n",
							'',
							exec_poll_php($index_item['arg1'],
								$using_proc_function,
								$pipes,
								$cactiphp)));

						if (!is_numeric($output)) {
							if (prepare_validate_result($output) == false) {
								if (strlen($output) > 20) {
									$strout = 20;
								} else {
									$strout = strlen($output);
								}

								cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
									$index_item['data_query_id'] .
									('] RECACHE WARNING: Result from Script Server not valid. Partial ' .
									'Result: ') . substr($output,
										0,
										$strout),
									$print_data_to_stdout,
									'POLLER');
							}
						}

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE SERVER: ' .
							$log_arg1 .
							", output: $output",
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER',
							debug_level($host_id,
								POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

						break;
					case POLLER_ACTION_SNMP_COUNT:
						$session = open_snmp_session($host_id, $item);

						if ($session !== false) {
							$output = cacti_sizeof(cacti_snmp_session_walk($session, $index_item['arg1']));
						} else {
							$output = 'U';
						}

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE OID COUNT: ' .
							$log_arg1 .
							', output: ' .
							$output,
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER',
							debug_level($host_id,
								POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

						break;
					case POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_COUNT:
						// count items found
						$script_index_array = exec_into_array($index_item['arg1']);
						$output             = cacti_sizeof($script_index_array);

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE CMD COUNT: ' .
							$log_arg1 .
							", output: $output",
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER',
							debug_level($host_id,
								POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

						break;
					case POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP_COUNT:
						$output = exec_into_array($index_item['arg1']);
						$output = cacti_sizeof($output);

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE SERVER COUNT: ' .
							$log_arg1 .
							", output: $output",
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER',
							debug_level($host_id,
								POLLER_VERBOSITY_MEDIUM));

						break;
					default:
						$output = '';

						cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
							$index_item['data_query_id'] .
							'] RECACHE ERROR: Invalid reindex option: ' .
							$index_item['action'],
							$print_data_to_stdout,
							'POLLER');
				}

				/* assert the result with the expected value in the
				 * db; recache if the assert fails
				 */
				// TODO: remove magic ":" from poller_command["command"]; this may interfere with scripts
				if (($index_item['op'] == '=') && ($index_item['assert_value'] != trim($output))) {
					cacti_log("Device[$host_id] HT[1] DQ[" .
						$index_item['data_query_id'] .
						"] RECACHE ASSERT FAILED '" .
						$index_item['assert_value'] .
						'=' .
						trim($output),
						$print_data_to_stdout,
						'POLLER');

					db_execute_prepared('REPLACE INTO poller_command
						(poller_id, time, action, command)
						VALUES (?, NOW(), ?, ?)',
						[$poller_id, POLLER_COMMAND_REINDEX, $item['host_id'] . ':' . $index_item['data_query_id']],
						true,
						$poller_db_cnn_id
					);

					$assert_fail = true;
				} elseif (($index_item['op'] == '>') && ($index_item['assert_value'] < trim($output))) {
					cacti_log("Device[$host_id] HT[1] DQ[" .
						$index_item['data_query_id'] .
						"] RECACHE ASSERT FAILED '" .
						$index_item['assert_value'] .
						'>' .
						trim($output),
						$print_data_to_stdout,
						'POLLER');

					db_execute_prepared('REPLACE INTO poller_command
						(poller_id, time, action, command)
						VALUES (?, NOW(), ?, ?)',
						[$poller_id, POLLER_COMMAND_REINDEX, $item['host_id'] . ':' . $index_item['data_query_id']],
						true,
						$poller_db_cnn_id
					);

					$assert_fail = true;
				} elseif (($index_item['op'] == '<') && ($index_item['assert_value'] > trim($output))) {
					cacti_log("Device[$host_id] DQ[" .
						$index_item['data_query_id'] .
						"] RECACHE ASSERT FAILED '" .
						$index_item['assert_value'] .
						'<' .
						trim($output),
						$print_data_to_stdout,
						'POLLER');

					db_execute_prepared('REPLACE INTO poller_command
						(poller_id, time, action, command)
						VALUES (?, NOW(), ?, ?)',
						[$poller_id, POLLER_COMMAND_REINDEX, $item['host_id'] . ':' . $index_item['data_query_id']],
						true,
						$poller_db_cnn_id
					);

					$assert_fail = true;
				}

				/* update 'poller_reindex' with the correct information if:
				 * 1) the assert fails
				 * 2) the OP code is > or < meaning the current value could have changed without causing
				 *     the assert to fail */
				if (($assert_fail == true) || ($index_item['op'] == '>') || ($index_item['op'] == '<')) {
					db_execute_prepared('UPDATE poller_reindex
						SET assert_value = ?
						WHERE host_id = ?
						AND data_query_id = ?
						AND arg1 = ?',
						[$output, $host_id, $index_item['data_query_id'], $index_item['arg1']]
					);

					// spike kill logic
					if (($assert_fail) &&
						(($index_item['op'] == '<') ||
							($index_item['arg1'] == '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0' ||
							$index_item['arg1'] == '.1.3.6.1.6.3.10.2.1.3.0'))) {
						// don't spike kill unless we are certain
						if (!empty($output)) {
							$set_spike_kill = true;

							cacti_log("Device[$host_id] NOTICE: Spike Kill in Effect for '" . $item['hostname'] . "'.",
								$print_data_to_stdout,
								'POLLER',
								debug_level($host_id,
									POLLER_VERBOSITY_DEBUG));
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return $host_down;
}

function get_max_column_width() : int {
	$pmax = $bmax = 512;

	$pcol_data = db_fetch_row("SHOW COLUMNS FROM poller_output WHERE Field='output'");
	$bcol_data = db_fetch_row("SHOW COLUMNS FROM poller_output_boost WHERE Field='output'");

	if (isset($pcol_data['Type'])) {
		$pcol  = $pcol_data['Type'];
		$data  = explode('(', $pcol);
		$pmax  = trim($data[1], ')');
	}

	if (cacti_sizeof($bcol_data)) {
		$bcol  = $bcol_data['Type'];
		$data  = explode('(', $bcol);
		$bmax  = trim($data[1], ')');
	}

	return min($pmax, $bmax);
}

function sig_handler(int $signo) : void {
	switch ($signo) {
		case SIGTERM:
		case SIGINT:
			cacti_log('WARNING: Cacti Poller process terminated by user', true, 'POLLER');

			// record the process as having completed
			record_cmdphp_done();

			db_close();

			exit;
		default:
			// ignore all other signals
	}
}

function display_version() : void {
	$version = get_cacti_cli_version();
	print "Cacti Legacy Host Data Collector, Version $version, " . COPYRIGHT_YEARS . PHP_EOL;
}

/**
 * display_help - displays the usage of the function
 *
 * @return void
 */
function display_help() : void {
	display_version();

	print PHP_EOL;
	print 'usage: cmd.php --first=ID --last=ID [--poller=ID] [--mibs] [--debug]' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;

	print 'Cacti\'s legacy data collector.  This data collector is called by poller.php' . PHP_EOL;
	print 'every poller interval to gather information from devices.  It is recommended' . PHP_EOL;
	print 'that every system deploy spine instead of cmd.php in production due to the built' . PHP_EOL;
	print 'in scalability limits of cmd.php.' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;

	print 'Required' . PHP_EOL;
	print '    --first  - First host id in the range to collect from.' . PHP_EOL;
	print '    --last   - Last host id in the range to collect from.' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;

	print 'Optional:' . PHP_EOL;
	print '    --poller - The poller to run as.  Defaults to the system poller.' . PHP_EOL;
	print '    --mode   - The poller mode, either online, offline, or recovery.' . PHP_EOL;
	print '    --mibs   - Refresh all system mibs from hosts supporting snmp.' . PHP_EOL;
	print '    --debug  - Display verbose output during execution.' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
}